Reinforcement-learning algorithms 1,2 are inspired by our understanding of decision making in humans and other animals in which learning is supervised through the use of reward signals in response to ...

According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward. The role of ...

Adherence is a very complex issue. Numerous theories have been developed and they must be integrated into any approach to solve our healthcare problems. Only Intelligent Engagement can incorporate a ...

We humans generally like to pride ourselves on our ability to be unpredictable, to do things for no other reason than because we want to. The truth is, we are complicated, but with the emergence of ...

In education, as in psychology, clarity matters. Yet in everyday conversations about teaching and learning, terms like learning theory and pedagogy are often used interchangeably. Phrases such as “We ...

Organizational behavior refers to how individuals and groups behave within an organizational setting. Human resource theories help explain how management behaviors and structures can positively or ...

Douglas MacGregor's Theories X and Y classify employees as either extrinsically motivated by fear of consequences or desire for reward, or intrinsically motivated by a will to succeed, respectively.

Neuroscientists report the first results from experimental tests designed to explore the idea that 'forgetting' might not be a bad thing, and that it may represent a form of learning -- and outline ...