The more time you spend in the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry, the more you encounter some fairly arcane technologies and their accompanying terminologies. Blockchain technology, which started ...

The concept of blockchain as a standalone technology started gaining popularity in 2015. Prior to that, it was just known as a data structure underlying Bitcoin technology. In Satoshi Nakamoto’s white ...

Collapsibility means that the same statistical result of interest can be obtained before and after marginalization over some variables. In this paper, we discuss three kinds of collapsibility for ...

Recent clinical trials in oncology have used increasingly complex methodologies, such as causal inference methods for intercurrent events, external control, and covariate adjustment, posing challenges ...

We present results that allow the researcher in certain cases to determine the direction of the bias that arises when control for confounding is inadequate. The results are given within the context of ...