If you took introductory physics, you learned about the “fundamental forces.” It goes something like this: All interactions are the result of one or more of five basic forces: strong nuclear, weak ...

Bubbles are round, and we know surface tension does that. But squeeze that gas-liquid boundary into a space only a few tens of nanometers wide—could other forces be at work? Subscribe to our ...

Using 3D electron microscopy, researchers have captured direct evidence for a long‑debated electric field at air-water interfaces, opening a path to rationally designed clean‑energy materials. Fukuoka ...