If you took introductory physics, you learned about the “fundamental forces.” It goes something like this: All interactions are the result of one or more of five basic forces: strong nuclear, weak ...

Even if you memorize Coulomb's law or the formula for circular current, the answer will change if you are unsure whether to ...

Bubbles are round, and we know surface tension does that. But squeeze that gas-liquid boundary into a space only a few tens of nanometers wide—could other forces be at work? Subscribe to our ...

Using 3D electron microscopy, researchers have captured direct evidence for a long‑debated electric field at air-water interfaces, opening a path to rationally designed clean‑energy materials. Fukuoka ...