Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

Usually enzyme complexes make multistep processes easier by catalyzing sequential reactions in which the product of one enzyme becomes the substrate for the next. In a new finding, researchers report ...

A single enzyme that can generate all four nucleoside triphosphates, the building blocks of ribonucleic acid (RNA), has been ...

By resurrecting a 3.2-billion-year-old enzyme and studying it inside living microbes, researchers at the University of ...

In the avalanche of research being generated on the human microbiome, it’s important to take a step back and think about the many basic facts of the system that we don’t know anything about. One ...

Water molecules play a number of critical roles in enzyme catalysis, including mass transfer of substrates and products, nucleophilicity and proton transfer at the active site, and solvent ...

Whether they are laundry detergents, mascara, or Christmas chocolate, many everyday products contain fatty acids from palm ...

This accurate thermosensation relies on the precise maintenance of thermal receptor functions; however, their activation and regulatory mechanisms have remained unclear. In a new study, researchers ...

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — By combining artificial intelligence with automated robotics and synthetic biology, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have dramatically improved performance ...

The Michaelis-Menten equation is used to describe the dynamics of an enzymatic reaction, in which an enzyme interacts with a substrate to generate some product before the enzyme is released. Cells are ...

Most chemical biology and drug discovery efforts are focused on identifying small-molecule tools or drugs that inhibit enzyme function 1. It is rare to encounter small-molecule enzyme activators, yet ...

Thousands of different chemical reactions must happen inside a cell every second in order for it to function. If these cellular reactions happen too slowly, the cell may die. If the cell is part of a ...