From its humble origins as disparate barbarian tribes, picking away at the crumbling Roman empire, Germany rose to be one of the most enduring global powers from the middle ages onward. A mainstay of ...

A Holy Roman emperor between 1155 and 1190, Frederick Barbarossa ruled a vast domain that included northern Italy and what has become modern-day Germany. Barbarossa (1122-90) ruled for so long and ...

On Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth, by John Freed. Born in 1122, the young Frederick became Duke of Swabia (in southern Germany) in 1147 and shortly thereafter participated in the ...

Yet the term 'Holy Roman Empire' did not enter common use until the 13th Century with the reign of Frederick Barbarossa. In this video, we explore why this was the case, delving into the Empire's long ...

The following correction was printed in the Guardian's Corrections and clarifications column, Saturday 17 October 2009 The battle of Legnano in northern Italy – mentioned in a news story about ...

Sid Meier's Civilization VI is a turn-based strategy that offers players new ways to interact with their world, expand their empire across the map, advance their culture, and compete against history’s ...

THE GREAT INFIDEL (431 pp.)—Joseph Jay Deiss—Random House ($5.95). Frederick the Second—Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Germans, King of Sicily, scholar, scientist, quarreler with Popes, prodigious ...

Contribution of the Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics" to an exhibition on the Staufer emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa in the LWL Museum für Kunst und Kultur in Münster The LWL Museum of Art ...

In keeping with his earlier works of fiction, Umberto Eco's Baudolino is a distillation of 10,000 texts. Set in the 12th century, during the reign of Frederick Barbarossa, the novel unceasingly ...