High-order Markov chain models extend the conventional framework by incorporating dependencies that span several previous states rather than solely the immediate past. This extension allows for a ...

In this paper, we consider kth-order two-state Markov chains {Xi} with stationary transition probabilities. For k = 1, we construct in detail an upper bound for the total variation d(Sn, Y) = ∑x | ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Random walks are a fundamental model in applied mathematics and are a common example of a Markov chain. The limiting stationary distribution ...