Part 1 of this article looks at low-level communications protocols, including PPP and Ethernet, and their specific security features and requirements.] Now that we have discussed the lower-level ...

The communications technology of the public Internet, local area networks (LANs) and most wide area networks (WANs). The Internet Protocol (IP) is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite, and the terms "IP ...

Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

The purpose of the network layer is to help route messages between different local networks. Central to this layer is the concept of exclusive network addresses, where every terminal connected to the ...

A fascinating article from Philip N. Howard at George Washington University asserts that the number of connected devices surpassed the number of people on the planet in 2014 (Fig. 1). The author ...

Until now, state sync on the Internet Computer used the legacy P2P layer, which works over TCP. The new P2P layer is tailored for state sync and “uses the QUIC transport protocol, making it simpler, ...

Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...