In the previous article, I showed how to compensate simple first-order systems. As a quick recap, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is all that is needed for compensating first-order systems ...

In my previous column, I showed bode plots for different types of transfer functions. I also touched on the basic principles of closed loop systems. As a refresher, the gain crossover frequency ...

Click here for the enhanced PDF version of this article including diagrams and/or equations. Compensation of switching power supplies is an essential element of proper and robust power design. The ...

Can we improve performance by adding control elements external to the PID loop? Yes. Here we consider torque control and the related subject of torque feedforward — which can make systems run more ...