This allows for the computation, based on the finite difference method, of energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates in a single calculation.

This paper gives a simple recursive method for calculating ultimate ruin probabilities. The method is especially easy to apply in practical situations of discrete claim size distributions for which a ...

The p values of structural break tests, when the break date or dates are unknown, must be calculated in terms of the probability distributions of functions of Bessel processes. The literature so far ...

Friction cost is the total direct and indirect costs associated with the execution of a financial transaction. The friction cost method is the broadest comprehensive calculation an investor can ...

In this method, the encrypted data, or secret input, is divided and distributed across multiple servers, with each performing a computation – such as multiplication – on its piece of data.