The 4- to 20-mA current loop is ubiquitous in the world of controls in manufacturing plants. Discrete logic, microprocessors, and microcontrollers easily cover the digital portions of control schemes, ...
Two popular ways of measuring the loop gain T of a negative-feedback circuit are Middlebrook’s double-injection method [1] and Rosenstark’s open-circuit/short ...
In electronic systems, wires and cables provide intentional circuit paths for power or signal currents to move from a source to a load and then return to the source. These current paths have the ...
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