The vanadium industry, valued at billions annually, is at a crossroads. While 92% of global demand still stems from ...

Results and Discussion Catalysts To investigate the abilities of metal chloride hydrates as Lewis acid catalysts, lophine (2,4,5-triphenyl-1 H -imidazole) (8a) was chosen as the model compound.

Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) achieve high Coulombic efficiency due to their excellent ion selectivity; however, their energy efficiency remains ...

The formation of C–C bonds through coupling reactions is an important industrial process. The ability of Au to catalyze such reactions has been reported, with both homogeneous and heterogeneous ...